The difference between common and preferred stock in the UK

Stock markets remain a bustling epicentre for traders and investors, offering many financial instruments. Among these, stocks are significant and pivotal in an individual’s investment portfolio. 

However, within the realm of stocks, a distinct bifurcation exists between ‘common’ and ‘preferred,’ each with unique attributes and implications. For UK investors delving into the stock market, a clear understanding of these classifications is paramount to informed and strategic investment decisions. This article explores the differences between common and preferred stocks to provide clarity to both seasoned investors and those just starting to navigate the complexities of financial markets.

The fundamental framework of common stocks

Common stocks are the quintessential shares that most people associate with the term’ stock.’ They grant ownership in a company and confer upon shareholders the right to vote on corporate matters at annual shareholder meetings. Common stockholders also have the potential to receive periodic payments in the form of dividends, although these are not guaranteed and can vary in amount.

Voting rights and ownership

When it comes to governance, common stock reigns supreme. Holders have the power to elect the board of directors, which in turn makes critical business decisions. Their influence extends to necessary corporate actions such as mergers, acquisitions, and stock splits. 

Dividend dynamics

Dividend payments for common stock are typically variable and contingent on the company’s financial performance and board decisions. While the allocation of dividends is not guaranteed and often leads to uncertainty, common stock can offer higher potential returns, thanks to the associated risks.

The prized position of preferred stocks

Preferred stocks are often the unsung heroes of the stock market, offering a hybrid experience combining the characteristics of stocks and bonds. They are labelled ‘preferred’ due to their priority status in dividend payments and claim to the company’s assets in the event of liquidation.

Fixed dividends and liquidation preferences

One of the critical features of preferred stock is its fixed dividend, which must be paid out to shareholders before any common stock dividends. This predictability is a boon for investors seeking a steady income stream akin to bondholders. In the unfortunate circumstance of a company’s liquidation, preferred stockholders have priority over common stockholders in recouping their investments from the remaining assets.

Understanding the contrasts

The key differences between common and preferred stocks stem from their priorities and risks. Traders must familiarise themselves with their distinct attributes to make informed investing choices when they buy stocks online in the UK.

Distinct voting rights 

The most prominent contrast between common and preferred stock is their voting rights. Common stock gives shareholders the power to vote on company decisions, while preferred stockholders do not have this privilege. It makes common stock more influential and active in corporate governance, while preferred stock remains passive but is prioritised in dividend payments and liquidation events. It highlights the importance of considering investment goals and risk tolerance when deciding between common and preferred stocks.

Dividends vs fixed income

Another significant difference between common and preferred stock is their dividend structure. Common stock offers variable dividends, which fluctuate depending on the company’s financial performance and board decisions. On the other hand, preferred stock provides fixed dividends that are more predictable and steady, making it an attractive option for investors seeking a regular income stream. It also means that preferred stockholders may miss out on higher returns if the company performs exceptionally well. In contrast, common stockholders can receive higher dividend payments in such scenarios.

Appraising risk and reward

The distinction between common and preferred stock also lies in their associated risks and potential rewards. Common stock generally has a higher risk-reward ratio, offering the potential for higher returns but carrying more uncertainty. In contrast, preferred stock provides a lower risk profile with fixed dividends but may not offer the same potential for significant returns. Ultimately, investors must consider their risk tolerance and investment goals when choosing between common and preferred stocks.

Tailoring your stock portfolio: considerations for UK investors

A nuanced comprehension of the variations between common and preferred stocks is crucial for UK traders and investors when crafting a diversified investment portfolio. Several factors must be weighed to align stock selections with individual investment objectives.

Weaving a portfolio that speaks to your goals

The significance of balancing risk and return must be balanced. Understanding how different stocks contribute to one’s portfolio is essential to designing an investment strategy that reflects personal financial objectives. Depending on whether an investor seeks long-term appreciation, regular income, or a blend of both, the choice between common and preferred stocks will vary.

Market and economic indicators

The broader market and economic outlook plays a substantial role in dictating the desirability of one stock type over the other. Common stocks often perform well when markets are bullish, mirroring economic growth and corporate profitability. In contrast, preferred stocks can be favoured during market downturns, providing a more stable source of income in a potentially volatile market.